International Business Essay Example for Free

International Business Essay Q.2 a) Evaluate the different ways in which Bata has interacted with foreign political systems in its investments and operations abroad. ANS Multinational enterprises (MNEs) like Bata must operate in countries with different political and legal conditions, so the political impact on the foreign investments is very important. This paper explains this issue based on the Bata case in three parts. The first part evaluates the different ways in which Bata has interacted with foreign political systems in its investments and operations aboard. In the second part, the advantages and disadvantages, which MNEs bring to their company and the host-country when doing foreign direct investment, are analyzed relating to the Bata case. And the last part gives a detailed analysis of the complex political impact on international business with reference to the political environment in general; also supply the way of formulating effective political strategy. * Batas effective organizational structure and managing style With activities in 60 countries, Canada-based Bata Shoe Organization has much operational experience both in developed countries and developing countries and can deal with different political systems. It has an effective organization structure, which consists of  · Bata Limited located in Toronto, Canada, acts as headquarters of the operating companies. Regional offices exist in Toronto, Mexico City, Singapore, Paris, Calcutta and Harare.  · The International structure: a decentralized organization, where operating companies are independent businesses, supported by a global management team.  · Private Ownership: Bata shoe organization companies have also entered into a number of joint ventures, retail franchising and brand licensing agreements [1]. By and large Batas operations are independent units established in each country where the firm does business. As such, Bata is able to decentralize control of its politica l strategygiving subsidiaries significant autonomy in managing relations with their respective government. b) Should Pizza Hut put more of its efforts in expanding in Brazil or somewhere in South East Asia? Why? ANS – Pizza Hut, one of the most popular food chains, opened their 10000Th shops in the Brazilian market in 1994. Pizza Hut’s parent company is PepsiCo. PepsiCo was trying to penetrate in Brazilian market in various ways. However, the path was not as easy as assumed. Pizza Hut faced decline in the Brazilian market. Experts said that there were two probable reasons for this. One is Pizza Hut’s less successful introduction of new products and the second is the low price strategy of the competitors. However, Pizza Hut had a high hope to make Brazils their second or third major market because Brazil had many location specific advantages like urbanization, size, population, Gross National Product etc. Brazil endured erratic political situations since 1964. After a long military dictatorship, a stable political reformation was done by the year 1997.Economically; Brazil has a mixed history as well. It has a very good economic potential. It has access to several natural resources and well knit infrastructures. However, inflation affected the economy very badly. Pizza Hut entered in Brazil in 1988, during the period of high inflation. It followed the practice of corporate franchise. Later, Pizza Hut bought some of the franchises. But still different problems arose like- difference in cultures, cost of maintaining large pool of employees and of course inflation. Gradually, the inflation rate of Brazil normalized. People made more informed decisions and Pizza Hut began to flourish. However, in 1995, sales of Pizza Hut dropped. As a mean of counterattack, Pizza Hut took two different strategies. One was to cut the price by 25% and another was to announce various sales related decisions by mingling with local cultures like Samba dance. But both of the plans failed miserably. In these ways, Pizza Hut struggled to succeed in the Brazilian market. Q.3 a) what factors threaten India’s future competitive positions in cashew nut productions? ANS – Since the opening of China’s doors to world trade in the late 90’s, it has become an emerging super power. Hence, China may be a threat to India’s current competitive position in the cashew nut production because it is also capable to support cashew processing with its abundance of human resources, low-wage rates, and possible training in the manual dexterity required in the premium cashew nut production. China is currently engaging in new markets and providing cheap manual labor to other manufacturing. With this, China can see that the increasing profitable cashew nut industry and decide to enter it because it has the capability to do so. Moreover, the current formulation of the European Union (EU) provides that its members eliminate trade barriers for imports and exports between each other may be a possible threat to India’s United Kingdom market. Since the UK can virtually import anything from its neighboring countries without any cost, it might affect the demand of cashew nuts –the Europeans may divert their attention from cashew nuts to other products popular in its neighboring countries. India’s competitiveness could also be threatened by the increased Research and Development improvement that countries worldwide are engaging in nowadays. Brazilians (India’s most prominent competitor in the cashew nut industry) may possibly find machinery that can be substituted for the needed hand dexterity for the flavor that India’s cashew nut has. b) Should the United States seek to tighten the economic grip on cube? If so, how should it be done? ANS – U.S. should not seek to tighten economic grip on Cuba as it is already a weak economy as compared to U.S. due to the political environment of the country for the past few decades. For U.S. industries and companies Cuba is a very potential market. Also the workforce is efficient, so there is a possibility of efficient labor at lower cost for U.S. industries. Also, other countries of the world started favoring Cuba and also doubted the rationale of U.S. on imposing the embargo. 1. Attitude: An attitude may be defined as a learned disposition to behave in a consistently favourable or unfavourable way with respect to a given object (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000). Stated differently, it positions people into a frame of mind of liking or disliking things, of moving toward or away from them‘ (Kolter and Armstrong, 2008: p144). It is acknowledged that people have attitudes toward almost everything religion, politics, clothes, music, food (Kotler, 2003). For instance The demand for life insurance in a country may be affected by the unique culture of the country to the extent that it affects the population‘s risk aversion (Douglas and Wildavski, 1982). Henderson and Milhouse (1987) argue that an individual‘s religion can provide an insight into the individual‘s behaviour; and understanding religion is an important component of understanding a nation‘s unique culture. Also, Zelizer (1979) notes that religion historically has provided a strong source of cultural opposition to life insurance as many religious people believe that a reliance on life insurance results from a distrust of God‘s protecting care. But historically, some form of social insurance existed in Nigerian and Africa society long before the introduction of the modern insurance in Nigeria (Osoka, 1992). These social schemes evolved through the existence of extended family system and social associations such as age grades, and other unions. The simplest form of the â€â€"social insurance‘ was practiced by means of providing cash donations, materials or sometimes organized collective labour to assist members of extended family and members of social or communal associations who suffer a mishap. 2. Lack of Knowledge of Insurance Culture: In a recent study of quality of life in developing countries with reference to South Africa (Moller, 2004), income and social security (own wages, ability to provide for family, insurance against illness/death and income in old age) have been treated as one of the major indicators of quality of life. This standpoint stresses the significance of insurance to human life. Ironically, insurance services seem not to have been so accepted enthusiastically in developing countries. The abysmal level of insurance culture in developing economies has attracted relative interests among researchers and practitioners alike. Risk has been identified as a central fact of life in the rural areas of less-developed countries (Udry, 1994). Some of the problems associated with this have been marketing. For example, Omar (2005) assesses consumers‘attitudes towards life insurance patronage in Nigeria and found out that there is lack of trust and confidence i n the insurance companies. Other major reason for this attitude is lack of knowledge about life insurance product. 3. Low Level of Education: Educational status of Nigerians has significant influence on their attitude towards insurance. Educated people have more positive attitude to insurance than less educated ones. In a recent insurance conducted in Lagos, Nigeria. The choice of Lagos is due to its nature as a metropolitan city where most Nigerian ethnic groups are largely represented. Fact shows that respondents with higher education outperformed others even though no statistical significant difference was observed with vocational education. 4. Unemployment Issue: Employees working status has a significance effect on Nigerians attitude towards insurance. Retired and Employed Nigerians with means attitude scores of 28.50 and 28.14 respectively outperformed their competitors. No significant difference was observed between retired, employed and Self-employed respondents. On the other hand, self-employed people have significantly higher attitude towards insurance than unemployed, student and part time workers. This result is quite similar to findings in most developed world. In Conclusion, The findings of this study suggest some major implications for marketing of insurances services in Nigerian businesses environment which is a big market. Given that attitude is strongly linked to behaviour, marketers of insurance services targeting Nigerians are confronted with the challenge of encouraging people to embrace insurance institution and its associated benefits. Based on the findings, this article confirms negative attitudes of Nigerians to insurance services further. But apart from this broad finding in respect of the negative attitudes to this line of business, this study suggests some specific findings based on different demographical factors of the respondents. The findings serve as inputs to marketers of insurance services on how they formulate and implement relevant marketing strategies towards addressing the nonchalant attitude of Nigerians to insurance. For instance, specific marketing strategies are required to encourage the young generation below 46 years of age, the divorced/separated, and the less-educated to embrace and appreciate the role of insurance. Since, the basic issue associated with this lack of interest rests mainly in their lack of appreciation of the roles of benefits of insurance services; it is recommended that significant marketing communication activities with instant compensation to both marketers be targeted more at this set of people highlighted. This will help to kindle their interest in the business and brings the insurance institution to the highly exalted position it belongs in their perception.

Genetic Testing - Are the Benefits Worth the Risks? Essay -- Explorato

Genetic Testing - Are the Benefits Worth the Risks? In 2001 The Human Genome Project was completed giving us the make up of the entire human genome. Science can now tell what color your eyes are, what gender you are, and what diseases you have just by extracting one strand of DNA. The question I propose to you now is; do you really want to know? Is it a good thing to know that you will get a disease that will eat away your mind, and cripple you till you wither away at the early age of 43 (Huntington Disease)? Genetic testing is the new wave of the future. Geneticists can now tell possible carriers of the gene for Huntington’s disease their true fate, not just give them odds. Now that we can tell people what genes they will or do have, do we allow people to selectively decide when and whatever they want to know? Do we test the unborn, and if so, then can the parents abort if they are unhappy with the results? How far do we let things go? Is genetic testing really a good ethical procedure? But what if it could also prevent and he lp cure disease? There are many issues involved with genetic testing. I will discuss the reasons the medical professions are for and against genetic testing also the concerns bioethicists have in that testing could be used for inappropriate reasons. Interest in genetics has grown universally, and with good reason. For me it is very personal. As a biomedical engineering major at State University, I could one day be behind genetic developments and I will want to know the ethical concerns with it. As for other students, it is just as important they keep up to date with what is going on because they could very well be faced with the decision of whether or not to take a genetic test. It coul... ...cal Journal 325.7368 (2002): 784-784. Chapman, Audrey R... "Genetic Engineering and Theology: Exploring the Interconnections." Theology Today 59.1 (2002): 71-86. 2/24/04. http://rapid.library.../>. Greengard, Samuel. "Genetic Testing." Workforce 76.7 (1997): 38-44. 3/22/03. http://0-web4.epnet.com.catalog.library.colostate.edu/>. Hensrud, Donald D. "Genetic Effects." Fortune 145.11 (2002): 194-194. 2/21/03. http://0-search.epnet.com.catalog.library.colostate.edu/>. Johnson, Dan. "Ethics in the Genetic Age." Futurist 34.6 (2000): 13-14. Parker, Michael, Anneke Lucassen. "Working towards ethical management of genetic testing.." Lancet 360.9346 (2002): 1685-1685. Vastag, Brian. "Experts Wrestle with Social, Ethical Implications of Human Genome Research." JAMA 285.6 (2001): 721-722. 3/15/2003. http://0-jama.ama-assn.org.catalob.library.colostate.edu/>.

An Indian Farmer Essay

* Introduction- India is an agriculture country. It is a land of farmers. They live in village and die in village. They lead a very simple life. Their houses are made of mud and straw. They are very small and simple. The farmers are the true sons of the motherland. Gandhiji said India lives in village. * His Dress- the farmers do not wear fashionable dresses. They wear simple clothes. Generally they wear dhoti, kurta and a cap. The women wear cheap and simple dhotis. * His food- The food of the farmers is also very simple and cheap. They eat rice, pulses, green vegetables and chapaties. Very poor farmers get only dry bread and mirch-masala. A few rich farmers take sufficient milk curd and butter. * His work- The work of a farmer is very hard. They have to work in their fields in all the seasons of the year. In rain or sunshine they must work. They work from morning till late in the evening. They plough fields, sow seeds and raise crops. Their woek is really very hard but very useful. Our farmers provides us food, vegetable and oilseeds. * Fairs and festivals- farmers take part in fairs and festivals with full enthusiasm. They wear colorful dresses, take rounds in merry-go-round, and buy some fancy goods and toys. * Bad habbits- some farmers have bad habits also. They drink wine. They are superstitious. They have bad customs. They are illiterate as well. We must try to remove their bad habits. * Politics- previously there was no politics in village. The life of villagers was simple. They loved and co-operated with each other. The elders of the village were the punches who settled their disputes. But now the politics of the cities has reached the villages too. It has spoiled the atmosphere of the villages. The elections of the punchayats are contested with much bitterness and quarrels. This situations needs reformation because villages are the roots of nation. If they are poisoned the whole of our nation will be destroyed.

Seinfelds Impact on American Culture Essay - 2273 Words

Seinfelds Impact on American Culture Jerry Seinfelds television sitcom, Seinfeld, which went off the air in 1999, is still one of the most culturally pertinent shows today. The show dealt with little nuances of American society. A puffy shirt, for example, could be the main subject for an entire show. This show, which was derived from Jerry Seinfelds observational humor, was voted as the Greatest Show of All Time by TV Guide in 2002. According to the shows official website, the ratings for the syndicated version of Seinfeld are ahead of many of the current primetime comedies (Seinfeld 2/5). Seinfeld was always present in my home during its nine-year run on Thursday nights as Must See TV, and the social†¦show more content†¦Of his obsessive nature his mother said: He never wanted just a piece of chocolate cake, it was the whole cake. And he always waited until he got what he wanted (Jerry Seinfeld 1/7). Soon Seinfelds easy-to-relate to humor gave way to regular appearances on The Tonight Show and Late Night with David Letterman. Other more gimmicky comedians failed the test of time, but Seinfelds steadfast style made his popularity bloom. Despite national exposure, Seinfeld still stayed close to his roots, continuing to play at small venues as well as on television. With jokes like: They say Tide cleans bloodstains. I say if youve got a T-shirt with bloodstains, then maybe laundry isnt your biggest problem (Jerry Seinfeld 3/7) its not hard to see why Seinfeld caught on. In 1990, Seinfeld, a sitcom based on Seinfelds humor, debuted as a summer replacement show. Seinfeld allowed characters on the show to embody some of the idiosyncrasies his stand-up comedy had observed. Seinfeld played himself on the show, and the other characters on the sitcom were based on friends and acquaintances in Seinfelds real life. The show was set in a recognizable Manhattan with specific storefronts and locales in the cut scenes and dialogue. The plot of an episode of Seinfeld usually centered on the daily menial tasks of the characters and the little quirks that they observed along the way. Seinfeld, widely

D. H. Lawrences You Touched Me and Nietzches The Use...

Compare Happiness and Life Between D. H. Lawrences You Touched Me and Friedrich Nietzches The Use and Abuse of History Taken From The Twilight Of the Idols INTRODUCTION In this paper, I wont stick to only one topic. I will compare different topics, such as happiness and life between two romantic writers, D. H. Lawrence and Friedrich Nietzsche from D. H. Lawrences You touched me and Friedrich Nietzches The use and abuse of history taken from The twilight of the Idols. I will start talking about life and happiness by giving my own little definition of each of these two terms. LIFE Life: one word, many meanings. Life: one word, one precious thing. We see life in a total different way by the two writers.†¦show more content†¦He (Nietzshe) claims that [life in any true sense is absolutely impossible without forgetfulness]. He also says something about death. [And when death brings at last the desired forgetfulness, it abolishes life and being together, and sets the seal on the knowledge that being is merely a continual has been, a thing that lives by denying and destroying and contradicting itself]. He also mentions a universal law about living things. [A living thing can only be healthy, strong and productive within a certain horizon: if it be incapable of drawing one round itself, or too selfish to lose its own view in anothers, it will come to an untimely end.] HAPPINESS Happiness: everybodys ultimate goal. Unfortunately, happiness is very hard goal to reach. D. H. Lawrence demonstrate the failure of reaching happiness through money and other goods. Emmie and Matilda were two girls of a rich man. But these two girls were not quite happy. They couldnt get married because they were expecting too much of men. Their (Matilda and Emmie) minds were based on money or valuable goods, restricting them from a lot of things. Hadrian was not a rich kid but he seemed to be happy the way he was. He wanted freedom and thats how he was happy. The two girls were captives of their rich lives. Hadrian understood that happiness wasnt about money, but about other superficial things, such as freedom and love. When Matilda touched Hadrian, Hadrian suddenly

Essay on Heroes of Celtic and Germanic Mythology - 3702 Words

Heroes of Celtic and Germanic Mythology Throughout the myths of the Celtic and Germanic peoples of northern Europe tales of epic heroes and their extraordinary deeds abound. These tales depict heroes performing a variety of incredible feats; many of which appear to be magical, superhuman, and, quite honestly, utterly impossible (e.g., wading across oceans, defeating armies virtually single-handedly, and other astounding exploits). Since the Celtic and Germanic tribes of antiquity inhabited neighboring lands and lived in close proximity to one another (as many of their modern descendants continue to do: i.e., in Great Britain), it is not surprising that they often established intimate relationships with each other via commerce,†¦show more content†¦Nonetheless, Beowulf displayed many characteristics, which are not unlike those exhibited by other legendary champions. Although Beowulf’s birth does not appear to have been divine or shrouded in mystery or magic, his lineage was noble since his mother was the daughter of the high Geatish king Hrethel. Furthermore, in his analysis of the Beowulf Legend Howell D. Chickering, Jr. suggests that Beowulf was a vessel, through which divine power operated. He claims that the appearance of the shining light as Beowulf decapitated Grendel’s mother was a manifestation of white magic and symbolized good triumphing over evil: The sword itself is destroyed in the process, its blade melting away in battle-icicles from the poisonous blood of the monster. Only the golden hilt remains, engraved with the legend of how God destroyed the race of giants in the Flood. This sequence suggests that Beowulf wins his underwater victory as an agent of Providence and in a manner that somehow resembles the cleansing of the earth by the Flood (274). Thus, in spite of his mortal birth and upbringing, albeit a noble and heroic upbringing, Beowulf may have eventually became an instrument of divinity. Beowulf unquestionably displayed the enhanced endurance that was so often a trait of the epic heroes of Celtic and Germanic lore. This endurance was evidenced byShow MoreRelatedSignificance And Significance Of Mythology1743 Words   |  7 PagesIn order to understand the importance and meaning of magic in mythology, it is helpful to try to understand why human cultures create myths. Mythology can refer to the collected myths of a group of people—their body of stories which they tell to explain nature, history, and customs—or to the study of such myths. As a collection of such stories, mythology is a vital feature of every culture. Various origins for myths have been proposed, ranging from personification of nature, personification of naturalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Batman 1127 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Cotterell, author of The Illustrated A-Z Classic Mythology: The Legends of Ancient Greece, Rome, and the Norse and Celtic Worlds, described Loki by saying, â€Å"He was a mischief-maker, trickster, and shape-changer, and grew progressively more evil until the coming of Ragnarok, the end of the world.† Loki is only one of the many Norse gods and goddess, but he is the only one described as a trickster or evil god. In many cultures the mythologies often depict how actual people acted. Throughout history

Project Management Processing and Development

Question: Discuss about theProject Managementfor Processing and Development. Answer: Introduction Project management is an activity which binds different activities and techniques together for successful completion of the task. It allows all the members to understand their roles and responsibilities. Project Management Methodologies can play an important role in the success of the project in desired time and budget. It becomes difficult to control all the activities without the use of methodologies (Steyn, Dekker and Visser, 2016). The financial and human resources have to be used efficiently. The most commonly used project methodologies include Agile, Waterfall, PRINCE2, Scrum, Six Sigma and NPI (New Product Introduction). The main aim of the project is to understand high level project management in engineering and construction domain. The case study of Brisbane Airports New Runway has been analyzed with the help of PRINCE2 and Waterfall methodology. Main Body Project management involves planning, processing, development, risk management and implementation of various activities. Lack of planning and direction can lead to failure of the project (Martinelli and Milosevic, 2016). To avoid such issues many companies have adopted project methodologies which act as a guide to them. It provides them with step by step process which helps them to complete all the activities on time. The Brisbane airport authority has carried out intensive research to understand the complexities, quality standards, budgets and scheduling process. Brisbanes Airport project is one of the biggest aviation projects. It involves investment of $1.35 billion which will improve tourism facilities in Brisbane (Guth and Marsh, 2016). The entire project will take six years for completion beginning from 2014 till 2020. It will increase the capacity of the airport which will be able to hold 360,000 flights as compared to 227,000 in 2014. It is a complex project which will involve different activities and phases which are integrated. This project is expected to create more than 2700 jobs. Apart from this, there are three main phases of construction which includes site preparations, reclamation and dredging and pavement and airfield construction (Turner, 2016). The first stage will include drainage works, construction of roads, cross runway system and clearing system. The second stage will cons ist of piling of sand on the site. The final stage will involve activities such as pavement construction, airfield development and commencing the operations. Initial two stages have been completed by the management and the final stage will be completed between 2017 and 2020. But it is essential for the project manager to employ project management methodologies for successful completion of the work. Theses methodologies can increase the probability of the success of the project by providing a schedule, layout and setting priorities for different activities (Gollenia, 2016). It will not only help them to manage their resources efficiently but it will also allow them to effectively integrate all the activities and processes related to the Brisbanes runway construction. Many large and complex projects fail due to lack of collaboration and failure to understand responsibilities. These situations can be avoided by Brisbane airport by adopting project management methodologies (Heagney, 2016). It provides a series for different processes which assists workers and managers. The main objective of the methodologies is to accomplish the task faster and to solve problems arising during the process. Brisbane Airport can use it to specify their activities and in planning the time at which it has to be completed. At present, the management is finding it difficult to collateral and integrate all the activities together. Apart from this, the complexities and technicalities of the project have made it more difficult for them. PRINCE2 and Agile method outlines the tasks and other subsequent tasks (Vijayasarathy and Butler, 2016). It allows the manager to understand and develop a system because each activity relies on the previous task. They can also use project man agement strategies to avoid any uncertainties or unexpected events. The biggest advantage of project methodologies is that it defines the scope, recourse allocation, time, budget and other deliverables which can be communicated to all the members (Morley 2016). Furthermore, the sequences of all the activities have to be decided in advance. Methodologies consider the quality as well as efficiency of the project which increases the chances of success. Moreover, the strategic objective provides benefits in keeping a check and monitoring the progress of the project. The feedback from the workers is taken which has positive impacts of the team members. Brisbane airport is a large project which involves many complex processes. It will be beneficial for the project manager to adopt PRINCE2 in their strategy. The main advantage of this methodology is that it can be tailored according to the need of the organisation. It is completely based on principles and themes (Alotaibi and Mafimisebi, 2016). It reduces the impact of decision making, staff movement and stakeholder management. The seven themes of PRINCE2 include business, organisation, quality, plan, risk, change and progress. On the other hand, its principles include business justification, learning from experience, defining roles, stages management process, management by exception, product focus and changing the project environment. It will allow the project manager to create a blueprint and a model for the runway project (Martinelli and Milosevic, 2016). They have already decided their processes which include site preparations, reclamation and dredging and pavement and airfield c onstruction. But they have not decided the sequences and activities related to it. PRINCE 2 can help them to set up their processes with the help of seven processes which includes starting the project, initiating, directing, controlling, managing delivery, development of stage boundary and completion of the project (Konstantinou and Mller, 2016). Brisbane Airport project can use these seven processes for improving the success of the runway project. In the first stage, the project manager has to appoint a team and planning is done. The main activities which are included in the stage are designing, preparing outline, creating a project brief, selecting the approach and development of plan for the next stages. Initiation stage involves creating briefs and documents for managing all the activities. Apart from this, all the information is put in front of the board so that they gain understanding about it. It helps in coordinating activities as well as in stakeholders management (Srivanna boon and Munkongsujarit, 2016). All the essentials such as quality, controls, assembling and risk management is done at this stage. Brisbane airport project should have this stage in their process because it gives clarity in the direction and monitoring can be done easily with the help of this. Furthermore, in involves senior management who takes care of many externals activities (Chin, 2004). For example, Heathrow Terminal project failed because the senior management was not actively involved in it. It is essential for Brisbane airport authority to consider this aspect. It can be controlled with the help of PRINCE 2 project methodology. The next stage consists of authorization, management by exceptions, ad hoc development and direction and project closures information. It will allow Brisbane airport to gather all the details and prepare schedules accordingly (Kononenko, Aghaee and Lutsenko, 2016). Construction of runway requires series of activities which have to be coordinated tog ether due to high level of interdependency. The controlling stage involves setting controls for assessing the progress and performance of the project. Brisbane project has not developed appropriate methods for the monitoring of the progress. But PRINCE 2 method suggests development of a control plan and action plans related to it. It will ensure the completion of the project without compromising with the quality. Apart from this, it will provide an opportunity to the employees so that they can test new systems and technologies. This will give them an extra time to remove all the defects from the system (Martens and Carvalho, 2016). Many projects fail to allocate sufficient time for testing and removing errors which results in failure of the project. The nest stage of PRINCE2 is management of deliverables which aims to develop link between project manager and team members. Brisbane airport can increase the chances of their project success by adopting this stage. It will provide all t he details to the team members such as schedules, time constraint, budget, expected efforts, work package, quality standards required etc. This is very important and it has to be communicated to all the employees. It boosts the morale of the workers and they become aware about what is expected from them and what they have to do achieve. Risk management is done after his stage and it consists of preparation of risk register, action palms, reporting procedures and controls (Alvarez-Dionisi, Turner and Mittra, 2016). It will allow them to remove all the uncertainties from the project. They can prepare themselves for any unexpected event which may affect the performance of the project. There can be many events such as technical failure, delay in construction, lack of support from workers, change in design due to stakeholders pressure etc. All these things are considered by PRINCE 2 method and necessary action plans are also created to reduce the impacts of such activities (Papke-Shields and Boyer-Wright, 2017). The final stage involves follow up actions and evaluation of the project. PRINCE 2 has all the principles which are required for completing the project on time and in budget. Brisbane carport can customize it according to their requirements which will ensure their success. The main problem in the project is complexities and technicalities. It has put pressure on the time schedules which cannot be extended by the project manager. It is essential for them to adopt a project management methodology which will help them in the entire process (Kononenko, Aghaee and Lutsenko, 2016). Brisbane airport can also adopt Waterfall methodology in their project. It is a sequential process which has downward similar to a waterfall (Vijayasarathy and Butler, 2016). The main stages of this methodology includes conception stage, initiation, analyzing, creating designs, initiating the construction, control and testing, implanting or maintenance. Waterfall is widely used methodology in construction projects. Brisbane airports can obtain clear directions and milestones for their runway project. It consists of deliverables, due dates, expectation and quality standards expected by the client. Many authors suggest this methodology where sequential tasks are involved (Srivannaboon and Munkongsujarit, 2016). Waterfall builds a systematic process because it is not possible to create a bathroom without developing its foundation. This strategy focuses on finding out requirements of the entire project before the designing phase (Konstantinou and Mller, 2016). It will allow Brisbane airp ort to go through all the essentials of the project. The team can focus on all the details without even overlooking any one of them. It will also reduce the chances of compatibility issues which may arise during the implementation stage of the project. It is a traditional method but it will allow the management to improve the performance of their runway project. It will be beneficial for the Brisbane airport to adopt PRINCE 2 methodology in their runway project. Traditional or Waterfall project will affect their limited time constraints and schedules. So, it is important for them to understand the needs and requirements of their project (Steyn, Dekker and Visser, 2016). They have to make changes in their methodologies according to it. They will be able to prepare themselves in a better way by the use of various principles, themes and processes of PRINCE 2. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above that project management becomes very effective with the help of methodologies such as Agile, PRINCE2, waterfall etc. It allows project manager to use the resources efficient and to its full capacity. It reduces ambiguities and complexities in the entire process. Project methodologies have become necessary due to large scale projects and stiff time schedules. Project managers have to integrate many activities which are interrelated to each other. Lack of planning and direction can lead to failure of the project. To avoid such issues Brisbane Airport should adopt project methodologies which will help them to improve their performance. It will provide them with step by step guide which helps them to complete all the activities in the desired time. References Alotaibi, A.B. and Mafimisebi, O.P., 2016. 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